Our formula is expertly blended with a combination of organic and lab-synthesized ingredients for maximum effectiveness. In addition to mandelic acid, the serum contains the potent anti-oxidant resveratrol in addition to glucosamine for skin textural improvements. Also blended in are boswellia, licorice and other agents, including plant ceramides that repair barrier function while allowing penetration through the stratum corneum and into the upper layers of the epidermis. As a result, Stanley Jacobs MD Visco-Elastic Transforming Serum™ is able to penetrate the skin, and its ability to promote the visco-elasticity of the skin is enhanced.